In this research, we aimed to identify the effective factors in increasing visual attractiveness to achieve high urban quality and the mood of people in the urban landscape. Previous studies have shown that visual factors play an important role in improving the quality of urban environments. Therefore, the promotion of urban quality, by creating a visually attractive space in the everyday landscape, can help restore vitality to cities and make them a more desirable environment. The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. At the first, the content validity of the questionnaire was measured by the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Elements with CVR >0.49 were chosen as the final set of clusters. Then, using the SAM questionnaire, 12 participants who were not related to architectural education were examined. The results shows that the landscape, openness, mystery, social interactions and pedestrian  give the highest priority to the creation and promotion of this quality and these elements significantly change the participants’ mood. The novelty of this study is in using the SAM questionnaire to assess mood in front of the everyday landscape.

Nature has always been a retreat and an inspiration for humans, satisfying many needs in life including a sense of aesthetics. “Everyday landscapes” which contain many of the attributes of natural environments also serve to connect humans with their surrounding elements and conditions. In addition, everyday landscapes have an impact on the daily interactions and activities of people and serve to better understand the social processes and landscape structures and elements. Since the relationship between humans and nature is no longer in a desired or meaningful state, this research focuses on the principal aspects of everyday landscape and its impact on human cognition from a landscape architecture viewpoint. To do this, a visual assessment case study of a section of the route to the girls’ dormitory in Shahid Beheshti University was conducted.Based on a combined qualitative/quantitative method, qualities of landscape especially those of everyday landscape were assessed by analyzing cognitive maps of 40 girl students. The data from the field survey was then analyzed using the Shannon entropy method. Besides revealing some of the important elements of everyday landscape and their cognition, findings show that qualitative variables of legibility, complexity, coherence, and mystery are the priorities of participants, respectively. It is evident that user priorities among the variables of everyday landscape and in architectural, landscape architectural and urban design activities can help develop and generalize qualitative and quantitative environmental goals throughout the planning and design of urban spaces.

With the translation of Kevin Lynch’s book, the “Image of the City”, new literature was added to Iranian architecture and urban planning. In this book, Image, the picture (or perception) of the city was translated to “Sima” regardless of its linguistic roots. With the introduction of the landscape architecture discipline, a new theoretical framework was added to the architecture and urban planning literature. Later, “Chesm Andaz” was also used by some experts as an equivalent for the term “landscape”. The use of these three words interchangeably has caused confusion in the translation of the concept of landscape or narrowed down its real meanings. This comparative study drew upon the European Commission’s definition of landscape to examine the extent to which vocabulary can convey the meaning of landscape in Persian. This study employed library research and lexicographical analysis. The two basic components of the landscape are dependence on the external place and the importance of the human mind and perception in his interactions with the environment. Nazar, in the language of Iranian thinkers, is a dynamic tool used for raising new awareness based on the perception of sensations, and “Manzar” is the name of the place in which this phenomenon occurs. Compared to “Sima, ” and “Chesm Andaz”, “Manzar” conveys a more complete sensory perception, and especially compared to “Chesm Andaz”, perception is distant and does not necessarily have a positive attribute. “Manzar” and “Sima” are not synonymous and interchangeable in terms of meaning. “Sima”, in the late meaning, is focused on form and does not express the subjectivity behind the form, therefore it can be considered a landscape form. The observer’s continuous conflict with the form of “Manazar” and is accompanied by its memories implies him from the image to the landscape. Compared to the stability of “Sima” and “Chem Andaz”, the level of the “Manzar” is more compatible with the dynamics of the landscape.

The desert areas of the playas are important due to the diversity of geomorphological landforms and the great potential for geo-tourism development. These areas can be provided using statistical and quantitative models to determine the areas with a higher geomorphological diversity value to land planners for the sustainable development. This research was conducted to evaluate the geomorphodiversity in Mesileh playas in Namak Lake and Hoz-e- Sultan region. The geomorphological landforms in this area were extracted using satellite images and field studies, Fragstats software and the eight quantitative indicators of the landscape metrics include Patch Richness Density, Relative Patch Richness, Simpsons Evenness Index, Index Shannon Evenness, Shannons Diversity Index, Simpson's Diversity Index, Modified Simpson's Diversity Index, Modified Sahanon Evenness Index were exerted to evaluate the richness of geomorphological units in Masileh playas. The results indicate that the geomorphological units of alluvial fans, salt flats, salt mud flats and dunes, respectively, have the highest value among the landscape metrics. In addition, from the point of view of the landscape metrics, the northwest regions of Kashan and Abuzeydabad have the most incredible variety of geomorphology. This research showed that geomorphological units could be used as a suitable indicator in evaluating the diversity of the landscape, especially in flat areas with morphometric and geological diversity.

Highways are linear infrastructures that alter the environmental resources in a territory, structure, and functions while constituting a significant component through which the individual comes into contact with the landscape. The fragility of the natural-ecological environment exerts tremendous pressure on sustainable development in cities. In the city’ s sprawl, ecological factors and functional properties during urban development process have less considered and have reduced the citizens’ quality of life. Since the observer has looked at the landscape of the adjacent highway, and all elements observed can be considered the aesthetic aspects and safety components. The aim of the research is to identify the problems and find the solutions for the edge of Chamran Boulevard in Shiraz. The solutions involve creating a continuous walking route that would provide more recreational opportunities, link up with existing gardens and culture of the region. Pay attention to green pedestrian pathways, safety, legibility, coherence, taking into account the visual features of the road, improving the outdoor comfort conditions, organizing leisure/cultural spaces are associated with green spaces and open spaces, and the user’ s visual interest related to cognitive processes have been emphasized. In the first stage, the effective indicators of landscape improvement have been extracted from the literature and categorized. Then, the impact of the extracted factors was evaluated and prioritized using the Delphi technique and conducting semi-structured interviews with experts. Afterward, Shiraz citizens have been selected to measure the existing status and prioritize users’ preferences. A closed questionnaire survey was used to collect data from participants. All data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 22. The findings show that the vegetation diversity around the pedestrian pathway, considering collaborative activities (Mean=3/88), considering the legibility of way-finding, diversity of lighting and creating the continuous and interrupted sequences (M=3/61) are among the users’ priorities.

Aesthetics of everyday life is one of the branches of aesthetic knowledge. Until the 20th century, classical aesthetics focused on the subject of visual arts and paid less attention to the formation of fine arts in the context of human and nature’, s daily life experience. During the last few decades, a movement emerged that, by avoiding that one-sided art-oriented approach, tried to create a close link between the experience of fine arts and the experience of other areas of daily life. This led to the emergence of a new field of study called the aesthetics of everyday life. Pragmatist philosopher John Dewey explained his views on the concept of aesthetic experience of everyday life in the book Art as Experience. The main purpose of the article is to find out what is the beauty of everyday life based on John Dewey’, s views. Therefore, after examining various concepts and theories about the aesthetics of everyday life, two analytical examples of the aesthetics of everyday life in the architectural art of traditional Iranian houses (Mollabashi House of Isfahan) and the art of poetry (Sohrab Sepehri) are examined. The result is that the aesthetics of everyday life is the “, aesthetics of presence”,which, when confronted with anything, both beautiful and ugly, causes a change in the type of human presence in the new global life with a haptic pattern. The compilation of this article is in the form of taking samples from library sources and reliable internet sites, and the research method is descriptive-analytical.

The rapid expansion of cultural studies within last three decades, in the context of debates between modernism and postmodernism, has elevated the "everyday life" as a prominent category. With the extensive popularization of consumerism and advertisement, both of which have targeted everyday life, critical philosophical and sociological studies have come to be considered the main task of "critical" thinkers. All prominent theorists such as Roland Barthes, Theodore Adorno, Henri Lefebvre, and Jurgen Habermas, have produced categories that inevitably lead to the analysis of "everyday life". Each of these thinkers has thoroughly analyzed everyday life from his respective stance. Provided that the task of critical thinking is to avoid the abstract and reach the concrete, then the category of "everyday life" becomes the most significant subject in cultural studies. Thus, the move away from Cartesian subject towards "life-world" should be considered a motion closer to the concrete. This paper attempts to show how everyday life became a problematic, which demands theoretical as well social action solutions. The paper considers the ideas of thinkers who have tried to mitigate the problems faced by everyday life, and show the way out.

Space syntax theory proposes a quantitative and tangible method to recognize and analyze the space configuration and structure. Although it is not a new technique, it is still applied and evolved. In this regard, the current study sought to solve some of the structural and conceptual limitations and deficiencies of the space syntax by providing a novel method through recognizing the landscape aspects. Then, the novel term definition, “Landscape Syntax”, can be obtained using the achievements of this method. This research seeks to answer the question that How different will the indicators and assessment method be if we use landscape syntax instead of space syntax? This study aims to reconcile the definition of landscape with space and syntactic patterns of space, seeks to enable a specific syntactic pattern of landscape to understand the syntax of the landscape. The current basic research is qualitative in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The research process is a mixture of content analysis (descriptive, analytical, and deductive explanation). The space syntax concepts are classified using the content analysis method and are corresponded to the landscape concepts. According to the results of this study, the landscape has neglected aspects in space syntax concepts. (Some of the landscape aspects has been neglected in space syntax. )The main part of the new concepts of the landscape approach that are not in the syntactic system is the semantic factors, especially interpretive-subjective factors. These factors have value indices that must be inserted into the syntactic simple graph calculations. To this end, a network of the new landscape approach indices is put on the syntactic network to determine the valuable points. The newly developed method is the landscape syntax network. The graph obtained from the landscape syntax is a weighted graph, which is weighted through the value of the landscape approach indices. Landscape syntax is developed by adding the new aspects of the landscape approach, which is an upgraded and developed version of the previous versions.

Due to recent urban developments, the undesireable presence of pedestrians along urban expressways for access to public transportation facilities, daily trips and evading traffic is a typical trend. This problem decreases the urban life quality and health of citizens in a metropolis like Tehran. New viewpoints consider this daily travel along “expressway landscapes” as a kind of “everyday nature”. It is important to notice that, the meaning of everyday nature and what be perceived in everyday landscape are different form a park or sites with recreation, sports goals. Review of debates over “presence of pedestrians along expressways” shows the opposing views have reduced dramatically over time. This article addresses the quality of “pedestrian connections improvements” along expressways and their related aspects of programing and design. The research is based on the case study of Resalat expressway, as one of most important population core and transportation systems of Tehran. The question is can landscape architects use bridges, existing sidewalks, parallel pedestrian, green patch and other facilities to plan a “continuous pedestrian connection” where daily travel is requested? Does experiences like Tabiat bridge in Tehran or Highline in NewYork, which both are recreational places, have a role in development and improvement of such pedestrian connections as an everyday nature of cities?The framework is based on “Forman model of landscape ecology” and “viewpoint of Kaplan about everyday nature”; through using case study/combined research strategy with synthesizing case procedure. After evidences review, phenomenon survey in the flowing steps. First is inspect and analysis of “quality-oriented approach of landscape”, “landscape ecology of Forman”, “Kaplan’s view point of everyday nature”, definitions and principles of “pedestrian and expressway design”. Second is study of real cases and acquire essential needs for design research through the production and use of a template module of analysis which is generated from the previous step. Third is case study area Pathology and quality of related improvement identifying. This step also uses the previous step structure of template module of analysis. Final step present the findings and Indicators to identify demands for improvement (table5) and some standard offer for this kind of design (table6), which can be generalized to similar problems in other situations (transferability).Findings associated with proponents of “pedestrian presence along expressways”, conditionally consider “pedestrian connecting” along expressways as an opportunity. It’s important to consider this kind of request for commuters as a real aspect of today cities. This phenomenon can be “ignored”, “prohibited” or “improved as an opportunity”. Last approach have a holistic theory to balance the needs of city with new conditions to achieve higher quality of everyday urban life.